The present study aims at analyzing the changes in the cohort fertility models and the dynamics of their major characteristics. The analysis spans 40 generations of women born in the period 1930-1970 and having completed their reproductive cycle as well as generations still in fertile age as of the study completion date. The study used data on the cohort fertility in Bulgaria until 2009 available from the Human Fertility Database and subsequently new data on the completed and cumulative cohort fertility at age 40 was calculated. For this purpose, the distributions of women by generation, age and parity were reconstructed for the period 2009-2019 and their age-specific cohort fertility rates were calculated: both total and according to the rank of the children born. The dynamics of the completed cohort fertility indicators shows a clear trend towards a decrease in the fertility of the generations of women considered. The process of declining of second rank births began among the generations of the 1950s while in first-rank births, albeit less, the decline began among the generations of the 1960s. The most noticeable is the change in the age specific fertility patterns of first and second rank observed in the generations of the 1970s when the process of births postponement is assumed to have been starting. The births of younger fertile ages decrease and the births of the higher ages increased and were especially visible in the generations of women born in the mid-1970s showing a process of recovery of some of the postponed births for those generations of women.

The results of the analysis of selected indicators for healthy life years by sex and for specific ages in Bulgaria in the period 2011-2016 are presented. Insofar as the essence of the applied method for calculating the indicators of health expectancy presupposes a complex analysis of the individual components (life expectancy and the subjective dimension of health), first of all the results of the descriptive analysis of the distributions of persons by self-perceived health and the existence of limitation, sex and age are presented. The differences in the self-perceived health, resp. the presence of limitations predetermine the differences in the values of the integrated indicator. The changes of the two indicators, calculated using both questions, are analysed sequentially. The problem of comparability of indicators calculated based on different surveys data is also discussed. A comparative analysis of healthy life years in Bulgaria in 2014 by sex and age, calculated using data from EU-SILC and EHIS is done.

Daily interaction between the neighboring small settlements covers over 400 000 labour migrants from all municipalities and affects most of the settlements. The time spent in travelling is over 500,000 hours per day. The demographic and economic crises, structural changes in the economy caused strong territorial imbalance in available jobs and the supply of labour in small depopulated settlements and municipalities. They are without any investments to create jobs. The only realistic alternative for unemployed person in such places is to seeking job outside of the settlement. The change of place of residence needed additional finance costs for housing. It is too hard for most of the job seekers and the daily labour migration is the only realistic alternative for them. The application of daily migration, however, is difficult because of the low pay of migrants and relatively high transport costs. It is necessary to subsidy daily labour migration on the principle of shared social responsibility by the corporations, local government and state administration. Development and optimization of daily labour migration require adequate policies to reduce the time and cost of travel, and to improve the conditions of travel. These policies should be shared social responsibility of the corporations, local government and public administration. Every day labour migration is necessary, though it is not sufficient condition for a flexible and efficient functioning of the labour market. It increases employment and reduces the structural deficit of the workforce. In the same time it reduces unwanted emigration and supports the small settlements.

Increasing life expectancy and ageing population put fiscal challenges facing government programs for social security and create a need for policy to extend the retirement age. The large-scale and long-time worked out project “International Social Security“ (ISS) studies these problems including 12 developed countries in the world. The project is organized by the National Bureau of Economic Research, supported by the National Institute on Ageing of the Population in the United States. The article considers part of the project, in particular empirical work on the seventh stage, which is focused on health as a potential of older people to increase their employment to a later age. The subject of the study is the population aged mainly 55-69. Two alternative methods and an additional approach based on self-assessment of health are applied. The results obtained show that people in pre-retirement and retirement age have significant additional health potential to work to a later age.

Data from a representative sociological survey with persons of reproductive age in the Republic of Bulgaria are analysed and discussed in the article. The focus is on the attitudes and distances of ethnic Bulgarians towards the Bulgarian nationals of Turkish origin. Fifteen key attitudes towards the Bulgarian nationals of Turkish descent are analysed in addition to an age-related interpretation of the attitudes towards the mixed marriages between ethnic Turks and ethnic Bulgarians. From a social integration perspective, the analysis and interpretation take into account important characteristics of the ethnic Bulgarians such as their education, gender, place of residence, etc. The results show that among the Bulgarian community, the negative attitudes towards mixed marriages dominate, although among the different subgroups the attitudes are nuanced and ambiguous.

В настоящата статия се разглеждат сходствата и различията в участието на българските и немските мъже в домакинските дейности и отглеждането на децата от различните поколения. Под внимание се вземат възрастовите групи 18-24 г., 25-34 г. и 35-49 г. Прави се анализ и на съвместимостта между работата и семейството в двете страни, особено при мъжете. Отговор на въпросите дали бащите в България участват повече в домакинските задължения и отглеждането на децата отколкото тези в Германия или по-малко и доколко добре те съвместяват тези две дейности, дават данните на Европейското изследване на качеството на живот (EQLS), направено и в двете страни през 2016 г. За сравнението се използват категориите „участие в домакински дейности“, „участие в отглеждането и възпитаването на деца“, „разделението на семейните задължения“ и „съвместимостта между работата и личния живот“. В статията се прави описателен статистически анализ на категориите по пол, възраст и образователен статус. Тенденцията в резултатите е на по-ниска съвместимост между работа и семейство при мъжете в България, в сравнение с тези в Германия. Българските мъже и бащи също така по-рядко вършат домакински дейности отколкото немските, но по-често полагат грижи за децата и тяхното възпитание най-малко няколко пъти седмично. Както българските, така и немските бащи влагат по-малко време от майките в отглеждането и възпитанието на децата.