The general preparation for aging has turned into a new appeal of the contemporary societies and a major topic of the European and American strategies in the field of healthcare and social activity. The role of motivation of the elderly people for physical and mental activity has been outlined as a precondition for a long life in better health, supported by well-being and feeling of joy of life. With a view to determining the affinity to and interest in specific spheres and objectives of life (profession, family, politics, religion, sports, hobbies, friends and acquaintances, free and leisure time) of persons aged above 60, a transversal sociological survey was carried out by means of direct individual questionnaire with a 5-point scale of closed questions, marking the degree of their significance. An own methodological approach has been developed in the form of theoretical and applied model, with outlined indicators (mobility, body pain and discomfort, order and cleanness, curiosity and intellect, respect by relatives and friends, financial security, etc.), for measurement, assessment and objective characterization of the quality of life (QL) in this age group, aiming at determination of the individual’s abilities to function adequately and achieve satisfaction with the fulfillment of his life roles. The point of view that at this stage the fundamental concept of successful aging is still interpreted as a challenge and not as a triumph of the mankind, has been differentiated.

The need for goal develop strategies and policies turned to account for older people potential in connection with the demographic changes and population aging is reasoned. Conceptions about this problem are considered a base of elaboration of the main strategic goals and approaches for utilization of this social source. The European visions about the rich in content aspects of discovery and utilization of the old generation capacity are exposed. Their application in the country regards the specific national population aging and traditional views of the advanced age life. The basic documents at European and national level bringing forward the priorities in this domain and directives of normative back quarantine for older people access to continuing participation in development are traced.

The possible consequences for the well-being of the Russian population due to changes in the state pension system associated with the increase in the retirement age, valid from January 2019 with the adoption of the Federal law № 350-FZ, are analyzed in this article. The article notes that due to the increase in the retirement age there is a need to transform the entire system of social and labor relations in the Russian society. It is proved that in solving the problems of effective use of the labor potential of the elderly population it is necessary to establish a flexible system of communication with older workers, based on their needs and interests. It is concluded, that the formation of the institutional environment to support the health and the development of the continuous education system of the elderly population is of particular importance in maintaining and improving the well-being of older generation workers.

The study evidences the need to develop long-term care in Bulgaria on the basis of analysis of the demographic situation in the country and the necessary social transformations. The compensatory role of public policies supporting people who need long-term care and their families is crucial in the context of extremely aged population, increased and increasing proportion of the oldest people, and lonely old people, specific structure of migration flows, workforce reduction and the necessity of higher employment. I propose a methodologically grounded choice of long-term care definition, criteria and indicators for LTC needs estimation. The assessment of the needs and the coverage of social and health services shows that Bulgaria belongs to the group of countries in Europe with the least developed public services in the long-term care mix. The assessments in the study could help to plan long-term care policies in Bulgaria.

It is noted that the country is a particular place of demographic transition by periods and events declining the vital rate to sustainable population level and immediate transferring it to negative performance during almost three recent decades. This period is considered as a fifths stage of transition to specific social environment and long-term declines in population size and fertility while crud mortality increase. The decided role of death rate habitually is explained by the growing ageing as far as about 80% of the death events are between older populations 65+. The death look overrate in case of lack of accounting for specific structural age change and speed when population size is slowing according the statistical estimations. During the cited period the older people correlate with similar death level with slight variation and some reduce of mortality, proved by the small increment of life span. The age composition depends more of the birth declines and long-run determinants of young generation development and enormous emigration as well. This is proved by the different social studies of our scientific investigators in sociology, demographic statistics, economy, geography, social health protection, etc. providing data on the specific mortality in their area. On the base of this it is explained herewith the specificity of mortality in Bulgaria and the need of integration of knowledge’s and researchers in various aspects of mortality subject for scientific discovery and population policy help.

The development model of Bulgarian health system particularly over the last decade can be characterized by population decrease, reduced number of working age population, steep reduction of physicians and medical specialists while the number of health establishments, especially hospitals and hospital beds are increasing, patient numbers are increasing, financial means, dedicated to health are increasing annually and sick leave days are also increasing. The changed populations structure and demographic tendencies have strong impact on economic, health, social and educational system in Bulgarian society. Research goal and objectives are to study social risks, which have the highest influence on municipal health system and human resources. Material and methods: Units of research are physicians and medical specialists in 10 municipal hospitals. Participating hospitals were chosen on the principle of regional representation and size of municipality. Valid questionnaires were received from: 112- Management and 183- Physicians and Nurses. Results and Discussion: The survey result analysis suggests that there are the following tendencies: It is essential that healthcare is seen as a service, managed by market principles with social elements and not vice-versa. A serious challenge is the remuneration system used in hospitals - in order to be successful, the system should be correlated to results and justice as adopted by hospital staff. The negative impact of increased mobility of health staff is reflected by reduced opportunities for developing in-depth competencies and career growth.